Orthogonal Trichromatic Upconversion with High Color Purity in Core-Shell Nanoparticles for a Full-Color Display

Materials with tunable emission colors has attracted increasing interest in both fundamental research and applications. As a key member of light-emitting materials family, lanthanide doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been intensively demonstrated to emit light in any color upon near-infrared excitation. However, realizing the trichromatic emission in UCNPs with a fixed composition remains a great challenge. Here, without excitation pulsed modulation and three different near-infrared pumping, we report an experimental design to fine-control emission in the full color gamut from core–shell-structured UCNPs by manipulating the energy migration through dual-channel pump scheme. We also demonstrate their potential application in full-color display. These findings may benefit the future development of convenient and versatile optical methos for multicolor tuning and open up the possibility of constructing full-color volumetric display systems with high spatiotemporal resolution.     

Palladium-Catalyzed Atroposelective Kinetic C−H Olefination and Allylation for the Synthesis of C−B Axial Chirality

The direct C−H functionalization of 1,2-benzazaborines, especially asymmetric version, remains a great challenge. Here we report a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective C−H olefination and allylation reactions of 1,2-benzazaborines. This asymmetric approach is a kinetic resolution (KR), providing various C−B axially chiral 2-aryl-1,2-benzazaborines and 3-substituted 2-aryl-1,2-benzazaborines in generally high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (selectivity (S) factor up to 354). The synthetic potential of this reaction is showcased by late-stage modification of complex molecules, scale-up reaction, and applications.     

Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Synthesis to Applications

Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) with spatially periodic networks demonstrate significant advantages over their 2D counterparts, including enhanced specific surface areas, interconnected channels, and more sufficiently exposed active sites. Nevertheless, research on these materials has met an impasse due to serious problems in crystallization and stability, which must be solved for practical applications. In this Minireview, we first summarize some strategies for preparing functional 3D COFs, including crystallization techniques and functionalization methods. Hereafter, applications of these functional materials are presented, covering adsorption, separation, catalysis, fluorescence, sensing, and batteries. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives for the development of 3D COFs are discussed.     

碱性介质中氢氧化反应电催化剂的开发:从机理认识到材料设计

阴离子交换膜(AEM)燃料电池因具有使用非贵金属作为催化剂的优点而受到广泛关注.然而,在碱性体系中,AEM燃料电池中氢氧化反应(HOR)的反应动力学比在酸性介质中的慢两个数量级.针对HOR在碱中动力学缓慢的问题,有两种主要的理论来解释,(1)pH相关的氢结合能作为主要影响因素来控制HOR动力学的理论;(2)质子和氢氧根离子的吸附共同作为影响因子来控制HOR在碱性条件下的动力学的双功能理论.本文首先讨论了在碱性电解质中可能的HOR反应机理及其Tafel性能变化.除了传统的Tafel-Volmer和Heyrovsky-Volmer-HOR机理外,还讨论了最新提出的氢氧根离子吸附参与的HOR机理来说明在酸性和碱性介质中HOR机理的差异.然后,总结了具有代表性的碱性HOR催化剂(如贵金属、合金、金属间化合物、镍基合金、碳化物、氮化物等),简要介绍了它们相应的HOR反应机理,从而进一步理解在碱性介质中不同基元反应步骤给HOR性能带来的差异.最后,提出了一种未来设计HOR碱性催化剂的可行性方案,为今后碱性环境下的HOR催化剂设计提供参考.     

DNA G-四链体的结构完整性对催化性质的影响

DNA酶中的G-四链体-血红素(G4-hemin)DNA酶结构具有较高的设计性和化学稳定性,因此格外受研究者关注.G-平面作为辅酶因子hemin的结合位点,不仅提供大π平面与hemin结合,而且其平面上的G碱基还可以充当近端配位基团与hemin进行配位.因此,研究G-平面完整性在G4-DNA酶体系中的作用具有重要意义.本文设计了一系列含有空位的G4(G-vacancy,GV)及G-三链体,通过“鸟嘌呤类似物插入”策略实现G-平面完整性以及DNA酶催化活性的恢复.结果表明,末端G-平面完整性是G4-DNA酶具有催化活性的必要条件,且其能够充当近端配位基团与末端碱基协同激活G4-DNA酶.考虑到hemin会选择性地结合于G4的3’-端平面,本文以含有3’-端空位的G4以及G-三链体为模型进行DNA酶的构建.结果表明,相较于末端完整的G4-hemin DNA酶,末端不完整的G4结构所形成的DNA酶催化活性很低.为了进一步验证该平面完整性的重要性,本文提出了“鸟嘌呤衍生物插入”策略,即将鸟嘌呤衍生物(无环鸟苷和鸟苷)插入G-空位以恢复G-平面的完整性.通过圆二色光谱和紫外熔解实验,发现末端平面完整性的缺失会使圆二色特征峰信号和G4结构热稳定性下降,而鸟嘌呤碱基类似物的加入则可以使特征峰信号以及热稳定性得到一定程度的恢复,表明鸟嘌呤碱基类似物的加入确实使G-平面完整性得到恢复.与此同时,随着鸟嘌呤碱基类似物浓度的增加,G4-hemin DNA酶活性逐渐增强,最终恢复至与完整G4一样的活性.在以G-三链体为模型的实验中,本文通过另一条富G序列与G-三链体进行结合,形成复合的(3+1)型G4结构,最终实现了DNA酶活性的恢复.同时,在3’-G-平面末端增加了激活碱基(dA或dTC),结果表明,即使G-平面不完整,末端碱基依旧能够激活DNA酶,但酶活性整体弱于完整G4时的活性.同样,“鸟嘌呤衍生物插入”策略可以使酶活性得到恢复.本文系列实验充分说明了末端碱基可与G-平面形成协同作用,与hemin的铁中心共同形成六配位关系,加速催化中间体生成,进而增强催化活性.有趣的是,通过设计Holliday junction结构研究发现,“鸟嘌呤衍生物插入”策略仅适用于平行G4结构.G-空位的存在不仅降低了G4结构的稳定性,而且降低了其与hemin间的亲和力,二者均是造成G4-DNA酶催化能力下降的主要因素.总之,本文证明了3’-端G-平面的完整性是G4-DNA酶实现其催化能力必不可少的因素,对理解末端G-平面在G4-DNA酶中的作用具有重要的参考意义.     

Blocking Effect of Demethylzeylasteral on the Interaction between Human ACE2 Protein and SARS-CoV-2 RBD Protein Discovered Using SPR Technology

The novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) has been affecting global health since the end of 2019, and there is no sign that the epidemic is abating. Targeting the interaction between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used as the primary method to screen a library of 960 compounds. A compound 02B05 (demethylzeylasteral, CAS number: 107316-88-1) that had high affinities for S-RBD and ACE2 was discovered, and binding affinities (K_D, μM) of 02B05-ACE2 and 02B05-S-RBD were 1.736 and 1.039 μM, respectively. The results of a competition experiment showed that 02B05 could effectively block the binding of S-RBD to ACE2 protein. Furthermore, pseudovirus infection assay revealed that 02B05 could inhibit entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into 293T cells to a certain extent at nontoxic concentration. The compoundobtained in this study serve as references for the design of drugs which have potential in the treatment of COVID-19 and can thus accelerate the process of developing effective drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections.     

金属锂负极的成核机制与载体修饰

金属锂具有电位低、比容量高等突出优点,是极具吸引力的下一代高能量密度电池的负极材料,然而存在枝晶、死锂、副反应严重、库伦效率低、循环稳定性差等问题,限制了其实际应用。金属锂负极的成核是电化学沉积过程中的重要步骤,锂在集流体或导电载体上的均匀成核和稳定生长对于抑制枝晶死锂、提高充放电效率和循环性能具有关键作用。本文从成核机制与载体效应的角度概述了锂金属负极的研究进展,介绍了锂成核驱动力、异相成核模型、空间电荷模型等内容,分析了锂核尺寸及分布与过电位和电流密度的关系,并通过三维载体分散电流密度、异相晶核/电场诱导成核、晶格匹配等方面的研究实例讨论了载体修饰对锂负极的性能提升。     

SnO2表面卤化提高钙钛矿太阳能电池光伏性能

钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)成为近几年来迅速发展的新型太阳能电池,其中将SnO₂纳米粒子层用作电子传输层(ETL)的钙钛矿太阳能电池器件得到了广泛的关注。SnO₂有着更低的制备温度,使其具备应用于柔性器件的潜力,但与钙钛矿层能级不匹配等问题限制着其发展。而在界面处加入钝化层,尤其是表面卤化的方法或可解决这一问题。本文综合研究了SnO₂表面卤化对钙钛矿太阳能电池光伏性能的影响,选用四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)和四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)三种钝化材料对SnO₂表面进行钝化处理,并对钝化材料溶液进行了浓度梯度研究。通过材料形貌、结构和光学性能表征以及电池器件性能测试分析等方法,证明了SnO₂表面卤化可提高钙钛矿层的质量和PSCs光伏性能,并从器件内部电荷传输动力学等角度解释了器件性能改善的原因。为进一步说明其性能改善的机理,采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法对材料表面性质进行了深入研究,从能量、结构、电荷密度、态密度、功函数等角度解释了表面卤化提高SnO₂/钙钛矿界面处电子传输特性的原因。实验和理论计算均表明TBAC对于SnO₂具有较好的钝化效果,并随着溶液浓度的提升钝化作用越明显。SnO₂表面卤化作用的深入研究不仅对提高电池器件性能具有实际意义,还能够帮助理解太阳能电池界面现象,为界面改性提供新的研究思路。     

低浓度含铅细颗粒物暴露大鼠体内生物转运研究

食品接触性塑料制品、可再生资源、汽车尾气中含有低浓度铅。铅等重金属体内蓄积严重影响机体健康,但机体长期暴露于铅环境的代谢依然未知。以低剂量含铅细颗粒物暴露为场景,探讨其在大鼠体内的生物转运及体内分布。通过比较每日吸入染毒(7.05±0.83)μg/m~3及经口染毒0.42μg/d,连续染毒28d。结果显示含铅细颗粒物入血的速度比经口途径快,在肺内蓄积浓度达(4.2±0.67)μg/g,与经口染毒组比较有显著统计学差异(P0.01);排泄方面,吸入含铅细颗粒物以粪便、尿液形式排出为主,与经口染毒组比较具有体内蓄积量大、排泄慢、在股骨和肋骨内蓄积量大的特点。因此,吸入含铅细颗粒物暴露体内蓄积量大,代谢速度慢,暴露危害比经口途径更大。     

SiOx encapsulated FeSi2–Si eutectic nanoparticles as durable anode of lithium-ion batteries

Low-cost and high-efficiency production of silicon-based material is the key to improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we propose a novel structure of FeSi₂–Si eutectic nanoparticles protected by the SiO_x shell. FeSi₂, as a buffer phase can improve the electrochemical stability of the electrode. A SiO_x shell is formed on the surface of the nanoparticles through the passivation process. SiO_x encapsulated FeSi₂–Si eutectic nanoparticles exhibit excellent capacity of 674.9 mAh/g after 500 charge/discharge cycles. The capacity retention rate is above 90% after the stabilization process. This work provides a new nanomaterial design for high performance silicon-based anode materials of lithium-ion batteries.